Cube cls curve2/17/2024 If we fail to reject this null hypothesis, we might surmise that the association between outcome and the modelled covariate is approximately linear and such a model might be perfectly appropriate as the more complex non-linear components do not add significant information. If one is further interested in testing the hypothesis that the modelled association is linear, this can be done by testing that the coefficients associated with the non-linear components are equal to zero. As in any regression setting, the data on outcome and the corresponding value of the covariate for each subject are then used to estimate the coefficients ( β 0 and the β i’s) that best fit the observed data. We can take this idea of a cubic spline to the regression setting, where one assumes that some function of outcome, y, is associated with a continuous variable, x, via the equation specified above. The location of the knots also needs to be specified by the user, but it is common that the knot with the smallest value is relatively close to the smallest value of the variable being modelled (e.g., the 5th percentile), while the largest knot is in the neighbourhood of the largest value of the variable being modelled (e.g., the 95th percentile). The number of knots used in the spline is determined by the user, but in practice we have found that generally five or fewer knots are sufficient. 2). A restricted cubic spline has the additional property that the curve is linear before the first knot and after the last knot. Intuitively, a much better approach would be to bend or smooth these lines to follow more closely the curvature of the egg (Fig. To better understand this smoothing process, one can imagine trying to model the curved surface of an egg only using straight lines. The mathematics are a bit more complicated than simply fitting a cubic polynomial within each window, as further restrictions need to be imposed so that the spline is continuous (i.e., there is no gap in the spline curve) and “smooth” at each knot. Within each window is effectively a cubic polynomial, and these windows are defined by “knots”. 1a, b, a cubic spline is essentially a piecewise cubic polynomial, where the number of “pieces” is dictated by the number of windows used. There are many ways to do this, but we shall focus on one possibility-restricted cubic splines. Robert Peter Gale, Imperial College London, and Mei-Jie Zhang, Medical College of Wisconsin and CIBMTR.Īs a potential alternative to these modelling strategies (categorising a continuous variable or imposing the assumption of a linear association on a continuous variable), we advocate exploration of non-linear continuous associations. And no, a spline is not a bunch of cactus spines. We hope readers will find their typescript interesting and exciting, and that it will give them a new way to think about how to analyse data. Gauthier and co-workers show us how to use cubic splines to get the maximum information from data points, which may, unkindly, not lend themselves to dichotomization or a best fit line. To prove this try drawing an egg using the draw feature in Microsoft Powerpoint you are making splines. You could do it with a series of straight lines connecting points on the egg surface but a much better representation would be combining groups of points into curves and then combining the curves. Consider, for example, trying to describe the surface of an egg. Put otherwise, we may miss the trees from the forest.Īnother way to look at splines is a technique to make smooth curves out of irregular data points. However, MRD state is a continuous biological variable, and reducing it to a binary discards what may be important, useful data when we try to correlate it with CIR. We typically reduce the results of an MRD test to a binary, negative or positive, often defined by an arbitrary cut-point. Transplant physicians are often interested in the association between two variables, say pre-transplant measurable residual disease (MRD) test state and an outcome, say cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Have you ever tried to buy a new pair of hiking boots? Getting the correct fit is critical shoes that are too small or too large will get you in big trouble! Now imagine if hiking shoes came in only 2 sizes, small and large, and your foot size was somewhere in between. What the authors describe is important conceptually and in practice. We realize the term cubic splines may be a bit off-putting to some readers, but stay with us and don’t get lost in polynomial equations. We are pleased to add this typescript to the Bone Marrow Transplantation Statistics Series.
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2018 chevy volt owners manual2/17/2024 The previously mentioned Driver Confidence package II also includes forward collision alert, lane keep assist, a following distance indicator, and automatic high beams. It contains important information about the vehicles features, functions, and maintenance requirements. The LT Driver Confidence package adds three driver assist features: rear parking sensors, rear cross-traffic alert, and blind-spot monitoring with lane change alert. For 2018, the Chevy Volt receives three new. In this mode is able to cover a distance of 65 km. This is a hybrid car it is possible to charge from the electric network. The body type is a five-door hatchback with four seats. Its power comes from an electric motor and a 1.5-liter range-extending four-cylinder engine paired with a continuously variable automatic transmission. 2018 Chevrolet Volt Owner's Manual ( 1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5) The Chevrolet Volt is a compact car. Chevrolet offers the Volt in LT and Premier trims. The car is equipped with all the amenities for passengers: cameras. Easily recognizable by its futuristic taillights. It is somewhat similar to the Chevrolet Cruze in appearance. When the Volt is only equipped with the low speed forward automatic braking system found in the Driver Confidence package II, the car avoided the 12 mph collision in IIHS testing and reduced speed in a 25 mph collision test by 5 mph. I took the car to my local small town dealer for the 5 year engine, battery and transmission coolant flushes as well as the brake fluid flush, as called for in the Owners Manual. The 2018 Chevrolet Volt is a front-wheel-drive, five-door hatchback that seats five passengers. Chevrolet Volt is a 4-seat, 5-door hybrid from the largest American concern General Motors, which has been produced since 2011 and is presented in 2 generations. The 2018 Chevrolet Volt is an IIHS 2018 Top Safety Pick for receiving the highest rating of Good in all five conducted crash tests and the highest rating of Superior for the front crash prevention evaluation by avoiding 12- and 25 mph frontal collisions thanks to the optional forward automatic braking system that comes with the available adaptive cruise control system and is part of the Volt's features-list if you have both Driver Confidence packages. Sonic gems collection nintendo gamecube2/17/2024 It is a shame Sega could not make the time-travel transition less distracting back on the Sega CD (it abruptly triggers a stock animation and loading screen).Īs one would expect, Sonic CD also contains a pseudo-3D bonus stage. There are even two variations on the future-if Sonic destroys the pod generating enemies in the past, he will instantly destroy the level's enemies and create a good future. Some of the levels minimally vary among the time periods, but even so the variations certainly add longevity. By touching signs tagged "Past" or "Future" and then running fast for a prolonged period of time, Sonic will blast into another time period. Sonic must travel through time using the Time Warp in order to uproot Eggman's operations. Robotnik has invaded the mysterious Little Planet and plots to use the world's time stones to manipulate history in his favor. The big new feature in Sonic CD is time travel. On the positive side, Sonic turns around much faster in Sonic CD to facilitate the levels' slower-paced, more precise platforming. Perhaps they should not have balanced the controls, because releasing the Spin Dash too early and going nowhere quickly gets annoying. The Spin Dash takes a few seconds to charge-a change likely introduced when the developers realized how useless the peelout maneuver otherwise would have been. Sonic fans may notice that the hedgehog handles slightly differently from the Genesis classics in Sonic CD. In addition to running fast, Sonic can perform a Spin Dash (down + A) or rev up on his feet with the Super Peelout move (up + A). Sonic CD includes familiar Sonic platforming with controls and level design somewhere between Sonic 1 and Sonic 2. Sonic CD in SGC is actually a conversion of the Windows 95/98 edition re-release, which is identical except for a friendlier menu interface. Sonic CD is known for its anime intro and ending sequences and for introducing both Metal Sonic and Sonic's sort-of-sweetheart, Amy. Sonic CD came out on the ill-fated Sega CD attachment for the Sega Genesis, using the system's additional resources to produce more varied backgrounds and a rich Red Book audio soundtrack. Sonic CD is easily the most anticipated game on this compilation and was originally expected to appear in Sonic Mega Collection. Writing one review for this collection is impractical and unfair, so instead I present a parade of mini-reviews: Unlike Sonic Mega Collection, where the flagship titles shared much in common, Sonic Gems collection is a grab-bag of games widely varying in gameplay and quality. Sonic Gems is visibly scraping the bottom of the barrel, though, testing the limits of character fandom. Sonic Mega Collection, the Sonic Adventure ports, and Sonic Heroes were so successful commercially that the company would be crazy not to run the ell dry. With Sonic Gems Collection, Sega has ensured that almost every game featuring the blue hedgehog can be found on the GameCube. Autodesk sketchbook failed to open image2/17/2024 If you accidentally delete the app, your Gallery and all the sketching within it are deleted. If you can’t save to iCloud, in your SketchBook General preferences, check Enable iCloud to access iCloud files and save to your iCloud account. If you aren’t logged into iCloud, enable the system preference iCloud Documents & Data. ICloud file management is only supported through the SketchBook iCloud Gallery. Saving to iCloudįor Mac App Store users*, save a project to iCloud to access it from anywhere and any device or platform. In the Save or Save As dialog, browse to a location on your machine and tap Save. Save a project to the computer you are using. Additional top layers will be merged.įor saving a file without these options, see Exporting images). The format resizes the image and changes its orientation to fit the device. Where are my files savedĬhoose where a project is saved – locally or to iCloud ( Mac App Store version only).įor Mac App Store users, use SketchBook IOS Options to fit the file to a specific device. We do not advise you to open these images in other programs because we cannot guarantee layer preservation. Only use Autodesk SketchBook to read TIFF files containing layers. Saving them as any other image format flattens them. Only the TIFF and PSD image formats preserve layers. When saving, in the Save as type drop-down, select the type of image you want saved. When saving, select the Adobe Photoshop PSD file type option. Saving your sketch as an Adobe® Photoshop® file The format you select determines whether the image is saved with all its layers or if it is flattened. SketchBook supports TIFF, BMP, GIF, JPEG, png, and PSD. When saving your work, you can save out an alpha channel and choose the file format. If it would just kill you to lose your work, back it up! Saving in SketchBook Pro Desktop The mobile versions have options for exporting to Dropbox, etc. No matter where your drawings are stored, we highly recommend you back them up. If you're on an iOS device, we highly recommend checking out the section on saving to the cloud to protect your work. Since this isn't the ideal solution, we've added the iCloud storage option. If the app is ever deleted, your files are deleted, as well. If you are using SketchBook Pro Mobile on iOS, the files are saved within the Gallery, which is part of the app. This means if the app is ever deleted, your sketches still exist elsewhere. Some versions of SketchBook save your files on the device or machine in a separate folder for the app. Handmade pan dominos in blank box2/17/2024 Is a pan pizza the same as deep dish?ĭeep-dish pizza is baked in an iron skillet or a round, steel pan that is more similar to a cake or pie pan than a typical pizza pan. Although the deep dish was a pan pizza too, it was always just called ‘deep dish.’ It was a tremendous downgrade when they moved on to the new handmade pan, as the two are nothing alike. Unfortunately, they replaced it with ‘handmade pan’ in 2012. Why did Domino’s stop making deep dish pizza?ĭomino’s introduced the deep dish variety in 1989. And ordering a Hand Tossed pizza just the way you like it has never been easier. What is the thickest crust at Dominos?ĭomino’s Hand Tossed crust is a win-win for those who crave a crust that’s thicker than the Crunchy Thin Crust pizza but thinner than the Handmade Pan pizza. Toppings: The crust on a pan pizza is thicker and can accommodate more toppings. Hand-tossed pizza can also be crispy, but it is drier and softer than pan pizza. Pan pizza crusts tend to be crunchier and more golden because the crust is essentially fried in oil in the oven. With our Brooklyn Style pizza crust, you can fold each slice and eat it like a true New Yorker. Thinner than Handmade Pan but thicker than Crunchy Thin, our Hand Tossed pizza crust is seasoned with garlic oil once cooked. To highlight this, CP+B created a nearly all-black box (loaded with fun facts) as a visual reminder that the pizza inside is handmade and baked in a pan. Presenting the light healthier and delicious light wheat thin crust from Dominos.ĭomino’s, however, uses fresh dough that’s never frozen. Dominos traditional hand stretched crust, crisp on outside, soft & light inside. Crust with oodles of yummy liquid cheese filled inside. It’s then baked using a thin aluminum pan. With the hand-tossed, the dough is not placed on a pan, but is tossed in the air to find the right shape. The hand-pan pizza has a thick crust and is crunchy on the outside and fluffy on the inside. What’s the difference between hand tossed and pan pizza at Dominos? The Handmade Pan, our take on the deep-dish pizza crust, comes in a size medium - perfect for sharing. Is Domino’s Handmade pan pizza Deep Dish? The pan pizza crust also appears more golden brown and fried, because you spritz some oil on the bottom of the pan before baking. But the pan pizza has a fluffier and thicker crust, usually one inch deep or more. In summary, the hand-tossed pizza has a thinner and flatter crust. What is the difference between handmade pan pizza and hand tossed? In this regard, is Domino’s Handmade Pan Pizza good? What is Domino’s Handmade pan pizza like?Īccording to a press release, the handmade pan pizza features ‘a crispy golden crust with a great buttery taste,’ made with ‘fresh, never-frozen dough.’ In addition, the pies also have two layers of cheese and toppings that go all the way to the edge. After being hand tossed, pizza makers sauce, cheese, and top the pizza to the customer’s specifications. The hand tossed pizza is one of the most popular pizza crust options. Does Domino’s use real pan dough?ĭomino’s assures pizza lovers all over that Handmade Pan starts life out as fresh never-frozen dough that is hand-pressed into a well-greased pan and baked to a delicious, crispy, but soft and chewy, doughy delight. Having made its triumphant debut in 2012, Domino’s Handmade Pan-styled crust is the pizza chain’s take on the classic deep-dish pizza. What is Domino’s handmade pan-style crust? There’s not much crust to hold on to as the toppings are sprinkled right to the edge of the pizza. Review: Domino’s – Handmade Pan Pizza Domino’s new Handmade Pan Pizza is a bold move into Pizza Hut territory and features fresh dough hand-pressed into a pizza pan before baking. What Is Domino’s Handmade Pan Pizza Crust? Our Handmade Pan pizzas are made from fresh, never frozen dough that’s hand-pressed into a pizza pan to create a nice, thick crust. Starting off our list, we have one of the budget options present in the market for a battery-powered LED light strip. echosari battery-powered LED Strip Lights Buying Guide For The Best Battery-Powered LED Strip Lightsīest Battery-Powered LED Strip Lights battery-powered LED Strip LightĮchosari Battery Powered Led Strip Lightsīest Battery-Powered LED Strip Lights Reviews 1.3.HIKENRI Battery-Powered LED Strip Lights.Best Battery-Powered LED Strip Lights Reviews.To help you further, we will also offer a “Buying Guide” for these lights which you can refer to before making your choice. To make the process simpler for you, we have gathered the best options right here, on our list of the best battery-powered LED strip lights. You might end up getting confused between multiple options since there are a lot of factors that affect the installation and usage of such lights. While it is not difficult to pick up a decent set of battery-powered LED light strips, the amount of options available in the market makes it a little confusing for the user. Thus, you should make sure that the light strip will last you around 6 hours at least, covering the entire night. The LED lights will be useless once the battery runs out. Battery Backup: As you are specifically looking for a battery-powered LED light strip, you should check the capacity of the battery powering the unit and the battery backup available for the light.Since you are looking for a battery-powered option, it would be wise to choose a low voltage LED light strip as it will be much more reliable in comparison. The power input and output of the LED strip are usually mentioned with the product to give you an idea about its power consumption as well as illumination. Voltage: Before you install the LED light strip, you have to check its power requirement.Therefore, you should choose a longer LED strip than what’s needed for your installation, just to be on the safe side. As it is possible to reduce the length of the strip if required, you won’t be able to increase its length without investing in a new LED strip light. Length of The Light Strip: The first thing you should check before buying an LED light strip is its length and how many LEDs are present on the strip.If you are looking for such an option, kindly consider the following aspects before doing so. LED strip lights have been in the market for quite a long time now and you can even find battery-powered options that offer illumination without needing any external power supply. These are compact and bright light strips that can be remotely controlLED and adjusted as per your mood.Īnd if instalLED correctly, the diffused glow from these lights offers a pretty amusing decor which you will surely like. LED strip lights are the best options as far as decorative lighting options are considered. Skylum discount code2/17/2024 Also, we won't receive any money just by setting links. There will be no additional costs for you, and in return, we can offer you Travel-Dealz without annoying advertisements. * The asterisk means that we will receive a commission if a booking or a specific action is made via the linked provider. Click Enter Promotional Code and enter the code. You can enter the code when paying for your order. Get a lifetime Luminar Neo subscription by taking advantage of our coupon code and Skylum’s black week sale. The code discounts both lifetime and monthly subscriptions, as well as everything in between. It combines many features of Luminar AI and Luminar 4. Its successor Luminar Neo has been released a while ago and receives favorable reviews. With Luminar AI, many AI-Tools have been added to the mix, i.e. Luminar is available for Mac & Windows and offers a lot of useful add-ons. Still don’t see Luminar AI in your account? Our support team will help you with that.Valid until December 31, 2023, on Luminar Neo. After that, please go to the inbox of your new email address and verify your email.Ĭongratulations! You’ve activated Luminar AI. If you have a Skylum account, but purchased Luminar AI using an email address not tied to it, you can merge your accounts into one in the My Software tab > Link my licenses section of your Skylum account. You can sign up with a Facebook, Google, Microsoft, or Apple account, or you can sign up using your email and a password. If you don’t have a Skylum account, click Register and create a Skylum Account. If you already have a Skylum account, sign in with a linked Google, Facebook, Microsoft, or Apple account, or sign in with your email and password. When you start Luminar AI, you’ll see a window that prompts you to log in to your Skylum Account. Now you may activate Luminar AI directly from your account.īy default, all our software launches in trial mode when you first open it. There’s no need to remember your license number in order to use Luminar AI. With Luminar AI we made the activation process easier and faster for you. Download Luminar AI by clicking the Download button. In your account, you will see a My Software tab with all of your Skylum software, including Luminar AI.įind the tab with Luminar AI. After that, please go to the inbox of your new email address and verify your email. If you have a Skylum account, but purchased Luminar AI using an email address not tied to it, you can merge your accounts into one in the My Software tab > Link my licenses section of your Skylum account. Make sure to choose the same email used for the Luminar AI purchase. If you don’t have an account, you can create it here. If you already have an account, sign in with Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple, or your email and password. Use that email to log in to your Skylum Account or, if needed, create a new Skylum Account tied to that email address. NOTE: Your Luminar AI purchase is linked to the billing email address you provided. Your download links will be waiting for you in your Skylum account. Without sacrificing quality, speed or creative options. Limited-time Offer. At this moment, the top markdown is 85 off from this deal - New Year Sale Receive Up To 85 Discount On Luminar Neo And Pro-level Extensions. 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Menuwhere for apple download2/16/2024 This made it impossible to access the first two seasons of the show via the platform unless one had downloaded it previously. In 2014, Nickelodeon pulled the animated television series The Legend of Korra from virtually all streaming services, including iTunes. If you’ve already downloaded a copy to your hard drive though, you can still watch it from your computer via the Apple TV/iTunes software.* But you really should actually go through the trouble of downloading each and every movie you purchase though, because if a content provider removes a title, it will no longer be available for streaming and/or re-download. This means you don’t have to actually download a film in order to watch it (though this used to be a prerequisite, if memory serves me correctly, in the earlier years of the service). * Note that this is definitely the case on desktop computers - I cannot speak for other devices, like iPads. In the latter, you watch it from your own computer via the Apple TV/iTunes software after downloading the film files onto your internal hard drive. This means when you purchase a film online, you can either access it from Apple TV’s database or you can legally download a digital copy of it onto your computer, with each film taking up around 5 or so GB of memory.* In the former case, you stream it directly from the Apple TV platform on your desktop or the physical device connected to your television set. To begin, it’s important to establish that modern-day Apple TV is both a pay-per-view streaming platform and a download platform for movies. In this article, I will illustrate these points and so make a case for why iTunes is actually a great home video platform that combines the accessibility and preservation features of physical media with the convenience of digital streaming. It is still available for those Mac users that hang onto older pre-Catalina iterations of the OSX and allows purchasing the newest video releases. * Note that rumors of iTunes’ death have been greatly exaggerated. In addition, it provides you with Blu-Ray-comparable audiovisual quality and extra features, while also making it easy to view and share your content abroad. But I also think there is at least one digital video platform that provides a viable alternative to it: “iTunes,” or as most likely know it today, “ Apple TV, ” as it allows you to legally download your purchased movies and shows, even Apple TV Plus originals, onto your hard drive. I have no argument against physical media, and indeed continue to regularly purchase Blu-Ray and occasionally rare, out-of-print DVD versions of movies. For many critics, insiders, and enthusiasts, the ongoing content ‘‘purge’’ begun by HBO Max last year is a textbook illustration of the central problem inherent to contemporary digital streaming platforms: the fact that we cannot truly own or keep the digital media we pay for, meaning films and TV shows can potentially vanish from a given streaming platform at any time without warning.Īgainst this background, physical media delivery technologies, especially Blu-Ray, are promoted as superior to streaming because of their ability to preserve audiovisual works. In other words, if a title is discontinued, you still own your disc copy. Reddit europa universalis 4 vs2/16/2024 I think the best reason not to upgrade would be if you like playing nations that already had lots of content, and/or if the AI doing certain dumb stuff more than usual is going to really bother you. And a number of really nice QOL features. There is also a ton more content in terms of missions, national ideas and events. And of course there are some additions that weren’t so good and either get ignored or were removed. Time, distance, resources, populations, etc. There is almost nothing realistic about Civ. On the minus side, I don’t like the new merc system much and some of the 1.31 mechanics are ok but still need balancing. Within the limits of technology and play-ability, PDX aims to make their games as detailed and realistic as possible. There are a lot more unique and interesting religious mechanics. The new way trade companies/territories/states work is a significant improvement. Estates were a great addition and then were improved a lot later. Overall the AI is worse, but not drastically worse, than it was 3-4 years ago, mostly due to the 1.30 patch which overhauled mercenaries.Īs far as mechanics, it’s a mixed bag but overall much more positive than negative in my opinion. This makes certain starts less fun, for example you can easily conquer all the Irish minors without making an alliance. But small nations still cut back to very few troops when the game starts assuming they’ll hire some mercs if they ever get in a war but forgetting they need a safe province to do so. Bankruptcy spirals are fixed, super-revoke is fixed. Write a new history of the world and build an empire for the ages.I am playing on the latest patch and would have trouble going back. Rule your land and dominate the world with unparalleled freedom, depth and historical accuracy. This classic grand strategy game gives you control of a nation through four dramatic centuries. "Paradox Development Studio is back with the fourth installment of the award-winning Europa Universalis series. Crusader Kings III continues the popular series made by Paradox Development Studio, featuring the widely acclaimed marriage of immersive grand strategy and deep, dramatic medieval ROLEPLAYING." War is but one of many tools to establish your reign, as real strategy requires expert diplomatic skill, mastery of your realm, and true cunning. Choose your noble house and lead your dynasty to greatness in a Middle Ages epic that spans generations. Maybe you should reiterate your understanding of roleplaying if you think it would just refer to an actual character. The mechanics in CK 2 and EU 4 are basically the same (one is about characters and character interactions, the other is about nations and nation interactions). Originally posted by Black_Rat:CK3 obviously was, EU4 obviously was not. It is more of a Sandbox game than EU4 and made for mobiles, therefore it is not nearly as complex or in-depth. CK3 obviously was, EU4 obviously was not. Well, there is Age of Civilizations (Now called Age of History). You can RP in any game there is, but some games are based around the idea of roleplay and others are not. i feel like you are intentionally misunderstanding his statement. And that all those other mechanics in that game wouldn't matter at all. Stating that you can't rp EU 4 because of not having as many events as in CK 2, would be as stating that the only mechanic that allows you to rp in CK 2 would be those events. There are so many mechanics in this game that you can rp the hell out of it. On top of that: Your behaviour in regards to your own colonies. Not to forget your neighbouring countries - their relationship, rivalries, dynasties, etc. Even missions (not the mission tree) and the mission tree. Since when does something require events to roleplay? The existing events in EU 4 aside which you can use to rp (instead of just being gamey) - there are tons of mechanics to rp: Estates, your ruler characteristics, religions, culture-behaviour, your government. Originally posted by bri:This isn't true at all, CK includes mechanics and tons of events that support role-playing while EU IV includes basically nothing in that regard. Seinfeld episodes master of my domain2/16/2024 His motivation is not principled but practical: the glare from the store's neon sign is disturbing him as he tries to sleep. In "Kramer and Kierkegaard: Stages on Life's Way," Irwin writes: "Think, for example, of Kramer's boycott of Kenny Rogers Roasters. The text draws parallels between the four main characters and their philosophical counterparts: When George decides that all the decisions he's made in his life have been wrong, so he should do the opposite of his instincts, one writer likens it to the Aristotelian paradigm "of the many." George embodies all the deficiencies of many people rolled into one, the author says, and thus provides an example of the forks in the road one should not take.Īt times the analogies get downright futile and an author shoots himself in the foot. The contributors are addicts who tape and chronologically arrange the 169 episodes and converse in "Seinfeld" lexicon like " No soup for you!" or "I'm the master of my domain!" The book is funny, unpredictable and well, creepy. It's composed of essays such as "Wittengenstein and Seinfeld on the commonplace" and "Elaine Benes: Feminist icon or just one of the boys?" It reads like a grown man driving a Miata with the top down, chugging a Mountain Dew and singing along with Alanis Morissette in a shrieking falsetto. The book was spawned after Irwin noticed that he and his philosophy cronies were all referencing the show in their classrooms. "Seinfeld" studies is a nascent fad, not a burgeoning discipline. Television gives students something they can identify with, it's a reference point to access subjects like Kant, Sartre and Heidegger."īut this doesn't mean "An Introduction to Seinfeld" will enter philosophy class descriptions next fall. "For so many years the traditional methods of teaching the humanities have been losing ground. Syracuse University professor Robert Thompson founded the Center of the Study of Popular Television after musing, "Why do smart people watch dumb television shows?" "Liberal arts' last great hope is to use TV," says Thompson, who is also president of the Popular Culture Association. For example, the "Good Samaritan" finale (when the group is charged with failing to help a carjacking victim) shows humanity at its darkest. Irwin believes that as Socrates sought to stir the masses, "Seinfeld" can elucidate people because it strips characters to their narcissistic selves. This collection of essays from philosophy professors kills two postmodern problems with one stone: It bridges that irksome gap between sitcoms and existentialist Søren Kierkegaard and masticates 2,000 years of bearded philosophers into contemporary dudes who spout digestible sound bites for today's student. William Irwin, 29, is a Cuban cigar aficionado, puffy-shirt owner and assistant professor of philosophy at King's College in Pennsylvania who edited "Seinfeld and Philosophy: A Book About Everything and Nothing," published in October 1999. Now they are infusing philosophy lectures with lessons from "Seinfeld " the irony is that "Seinfeld" writers were guided by two principles: no hugging and no learning. They are hip, budding professors, not stodgies in wingtips and monocles, as depicted in Merchant Ivory movies. So is it elitist to say that Freud merits academic attention and "Happy Days" does not? Yes, according to a handful of adjunct philosophy professors weaned on TV, now all grown up and infiltrating the hallowed halls of academia. For thirtysomethings whose parents did not "kill their television sets," "Happy Days" did more than Freud to shape their understanding of family. The average American grows up watching four hours of television a day. 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